Length

Research articles: roughly 4,000–8,000 words. Reviews: up to 12,000 words. Letters and short communications: up to 3,000 words. These are guides, not hard limits -clarity and completeness matter more than a word count.

Formatting

Submit as an editable Word file or LaTeX source with a compiled PDF, double-spaced with numbered lines and pages for review. Figures should be supplied at publication resolution (300 dpi or vector) with individual captions; there's no charge for color figures. References should be numbered in order of citation, with DOIs included wherever they exist.

Data, code, and preprints

Where feasible, deposit underlying data and code in a recognized public repository and cite it in your data availability statement. Prior deposit of a preprint is permitted and should be disclosed on the title page, along with a link.

Originality screening

All submissions are screened for text overlap using Crossref's Similarity Check service before being sent for review. Substantial unattributed overlap with prior work, including your own, will be raised with the corresponding author before any review proceeds.